Optical Networking White Papers
Unraveling the Spaghetti
Overview
Thanks to the Telecommunications Act of
1996, consumers benefited through more
competition, but networks grew ever more
complex. Competitive local exchange
carriers (CLECs) introduced intermediate
connections with co-location facilities
using unbundled loop elements, traffic
facilities back to points of presence, with cross-connect facilities to groom and consolidate traffic onto voice and data switches.
As fiber facilities became more widespread,
the use of leased ILEC (incumbent local
exchange carrier) fiber became widespread. Most access and metro areas were ring-based, with the use of SONET
(Synchronous Optical Network) add/drop
multiplexing equipment. Frequently this
required further external multiplexing/demultiplexing equipment
such as asynchronous multiplexers and
M13 transmultiplexers. As traffic has
increased, particularly in areas of fiber exhaust, DWDM has become more cost-effective, and has been selectively used in the metro area.
| Publisher | Metro-Optix | File Format | PDF, requires Acrobat Rdr 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Date Published | August 2003 | Downloads | 12 |
| Format | White Papers | ||
| Topics | |||
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